Protocols for the measurement, monitoring and reporting of structure, biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove forests 3 by landuse or climate change page et al. The carbon sequestration function of coastal wetlands offers a potential to mitigate the increase of the atmospheric co 2, which is associated with the increase of global warming. Mangroves store a lot of carbon, much more so than most forests on earth, on a per hectare basis, says donato. Carbon stock and sequestration valuation in a mixed. Pdf carbon sequestration in mangrove forests researchgate. These supplementary data files contain the raw data. Human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, have caused a substantial increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide co 2 in the atmosphere. Carbon captured by marine organisms helps sequester atmospheric co 2, especially in shallow coastal ecosystems, where rates of primary production and burial of organic carbon oc from multiple sources are high. The estimated yearly net rates of carbon sequestration primary production minus loss through plant respiration, litter fall, root turnover and exudation of organic compounds range from 1. Coastal landforms and accumulation of mangrove peat.
Determination of carbon sequestration rate in soil of a. Allometric model for estimating above ground biomass and. Carbon capture and storage involve three components. Rate of carbon sequestration by these mangroves varied between. Forests are very important for sequestering atmospheric carbon and mangroves are amongst the most efficient in carbon sequestration. Figure 5 map representing carbon sequestration from 1973 to 2000, north. The second component refers to the quantity of carbon stored as biomass. Protocols for the measurement, monitoring and reporting of. Summary of observed rates of soil carbon sequestration kg c ha.
Global carbon stocks and potential emissions due to. Considerations in blue carbon accounting with mangrove. In other words, mangroves are natural carbonscrubbers, taking co2 out of the atmosphere and packing it away, for millennia or more, in their rich soils. Mangrove forests provide several invisibleindirect ecosystem services which have not been quantified till date. The students approach for using the invest blue carbon model, is a series of output data that will help to quantify the value of carbon storage and sequestration. Carbon sequestration in tidal salt marshes and mangrove. Mangrove forests have an advantage over other forest types in that they have a low timber value. Coastal landforms and accumulation of mangrove peat increase carbon sequestration and storage paula ezcurraa,1, exequiel ezcurrab, pedro p. So if you had a dollar to invest in carbon futures, my strongest advice of all would be to invest in preventing mangrove loss, or even. Mangrove carbon estimator and monitoring guide food and. Byrne 1 and kevin black2 introduction there is general consensus among the scientific community that increasing atmospheric levels of the socalled greenhouse gasesare causing climate change and are likely to continue doing so.
A global predictive model of carbon in mangrove soils. Carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change usgs. Carbon sequestration potential of the worlds total mangrove species was estimated as 4. The model focuses on changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases as a. Carbon stock and sequestration valuation in a mixed dipterocarp forest of malaysia. Mangrove forests are threatened by landuse andor landcover change, as well as global climate change. A growing number of researchers have recognized the need for more and better science and are calling for continued research on the potential to. Mangroves excel at storing carbon news in science abc. Biomass 0 200 400 600 800 1200 2 4 6 18 23 30 38 41 month2 biomass g m h2. Increases in temperatures combined with reductions in. Carbon sequestration in mangrove forests researchgate. For comparison, reforested agricultural land, eligible for carbon credits under the kyoto protocol on climate change, socks away carbon at a rate much less than 100 g. Article mangrove carbon stocks and ecosystem cover dynamics in southwest madagascar and the implications for local management lisa benson 1,2, leah glass 1, trevor gareth jones 1,3, lalao ravaoarinorotsihoarana 1 and cicelin rakotomahazo 1 1 blue ventures conservation, 3941 north road, london n7 9dp, uk. Method of sequestering carbon dioxide with a fertilizer comprising chelated iron abstract a method of sequestering carbon dioxide co 2 in an ocean comprises testing an area of the surface of a deep open ocean in order to determine both the nutrients that are missing and the diffusion coefficient, applying to the area in a spiral pattern a first.
Wetland, climate change, and carbon sequestering 3 wetland changes due to decreased precipitation some areas. Wetlands can store large quantities of carbon c and are considered key sites for c sequestration. Two percent of global mangrove carbon was lost between 2000 and 2012, equivalent to a maximum potential of 316,996,250 t of co 2 emissions. South australia will continue its ambitious pathway to reduce emissions. Above ground biomass and average sequestration for ca mau province, compared to sites. About 62% to 78% of the global terrestrial carbon is sequestered in the forests, and about 70% of this carbon is stored in the soil dixon et al. Their key role in ecosystem dynamics is well known. Carbon sequestration in mangrove forests carbon management 2012 33, 3322 daniel m alongi mangrove forests are highly productive, with carbon production rates equivalent to tropical humid forests. There is considerable uncertainty in the magnitude of c storage because of the difficulty in extrapolating rates with very high spatial variability and we lack accurate and precise measures of the coverage of these systems in many parts of the. Carbon sequestration in forests congressional research service 2 for mitigating greenhouse gas emissionsand thus possible climate changeis to increase the amount of carbon stored in forests. Studying carbon sequestration in mangroves mangroves for. Carbon sequestration by ocean fertilization overview. Site selection to promote the carbon sequestration suitable habitat conditions, e. Sedjo abstract a major problem being faced by human society is that the global temperature is believed to be rising due to human activity that releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, i.
Since they store so much carbon, theres probably a lot being released from all. Carbon sequestration potential of mangroves in southeast asia. Our analysis is a direct accounting of carbon storage in plantation forest and does not consider other aspects of the carbon cycle such as fossil fuel use in forest establishment, tending, or harvest. Impacts will be particularly great where precipitation remains steady or decreases. Mangroves allocate proportionally more carbon belowground, and have higher below to aboveground carbon mass ratios than terrestrial trees. If mangrove carbon stocks are disturbed, resultant gas emissions may be very high. Mangroves are ecologically and economically important forests of the tropics. It has led the nation in the use of renewable energy to decarbonise the economy. Carbon storage in the mediterranean sea could be worth up to 1722 million a year, a new study has found. Seagrasses export a substantial portion of their primary production, both in particulate and dissolved organic form, but the fate of this export production remains unaccounted for in terms of seagrass carbon sequestration. One hidden objective of mangrove restoration is the carbon sequestration.
Pdf carbon sequestration potential of mangroves in. Mangrove conservation in the abidjan convention region. The first component refers to the annual rates of carbon capture per surface unit of each ecosystem i s i, defined as the annual flow of organic material transferred to a hectare of seabed. However, it is paradoxical that the vegetation has undergone destruction and degradation in. Carbon sequestration in wetland dominated coastal systems.
Carbon sequestration a focus on homegrown carbon opportunities south australia is innovative in its approach to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Mangrove forest inventory and estimation of carbon storage. Export from seagrass meadows contributes to marine carbon. The simple implication of this is that the longterm sequestration of carbon by one square kilometer of mangrove area is equivalent to that occurring in fifty square kilometers of tropical forest. The potential for mangrove carbon projects in viet nam depend on the carbon revenue earned per hectare and the number of hectares of mangrove forest allocated per household. For this project, we assume that one hectare of mangal will sequester one metric ton of carbon. The mangrove restoration potential map is a unique interactive tool developed to explore potential. In this study, we assess the soil c sources and processes responsible for c sequestration of riverine wetlands. Wetlands cover about 5% of the trerrestrial surface, are important carbon sinks containing 40% of soil organic carbon at global level 7. Disturbed mangrove in puttalam lagoon has created many problems such as loss of habitat, threatening land use pattern of the lagoon, degradation of biodiversity, etc.
They can store three to four times more carbon on an area basis than most terrestrial forests and, if. The potential for mangrove carbon projects in viet nam. One such program is the carbon market and trade system, where c from a forested area is measured and sold for carbon credits. Alternative approaches to valuing carbon sequestration in. In the same plot, co 2 equivalent carbon emission from thermal power plant showed little variation 0. The reservoirs of soil organic carbon can act as sources or sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide, depending on land use practices, climate, texture and topography 36. Carbon cycling and storage in mangrove forests annual. Pandey 2 1principal chief conservator of forests wildlife, gujarat forest department, gujarat, india 2project coordinator, climate change studies, gujarat forest department, gandhinagar, gujarat, india abstract gujarat has the second largest mangrove cover 1058 sq km of country. Highlights vegetated coastal systems, including seagrass beds, mangroves, and intertidal marshes currently sequester 67215 tg c yr. The researchers performed a combined ecologicaleconomic assessment, finding that the sea takes up an estimated 17. However, the c sequestration potential of wetlands is spatially and temporally variable, and depends on processes associated with c production, preservation and export. They are highly productive ecosystems with rates of primary production equal to those of tropical humid evergreen forests and coral reefs. Johnsen1 abstractintensive pine plantation management may provide opportunities to increase carbon sequestration in the southeastern united states. Carbon is stored in the plant in the foliage, br anches, trunks this is the carbon storage accounted for through the redd mechanism carbon is emitted from this store of carbon through deforestation and degradation of the plants e.
Mangrove carbon stocks and ecosystem cover dynamics in. Carbon sequestration in mangrove forests article pdf available in carbon management 33. However, linkages between the dynamics of oc derived from multiple sources and carbon sequestration are poorly understood. As explained earlier, data presented as biomass or rate of biomass increment were converted to carbon stock and sequestration, respectively, and will be called this way from now on in the present study. This study presents the estimation of ecosystem carbon above and belowground stock in the sundarbans using a large scale data sets collected from.
Biomass estimation methods are more difficult to study the mangroves stands rather than. Carbon sequestration, and the extent to which it can be counted as a reduction in a nations carbon. Mangrove forests are one of earths most effective ecosystems for carbon sequestration and storage. Pdf mangrove forests are highly productive, with carbon production rates equivalent to tropical humid forests.
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